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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">计算机科学与技术的迅速发展和应用范围日益广泛，计算机软件的重要性与日俱增。人民对软件质量要求越来越高，对软件的质量控制和质量管理越来越重视。软件产业的迅猛发展急需软件工程方法、技术的支持，软件工程的理论也随着软件产业的实践而逐渐丰富。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc104094471"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc104094471;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">软件质量及质量保证</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">按照</span><span lang="EN-US">ANSI/IEEE1983</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">年的标准，软件质量定义为</span><span lang="EN-US">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">与软件产品满足需求所规定的和隐含的能力有关的特征和特性的全体。</span><span lang="EN-US">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">具体包括：</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">软件产品中所能满足用户给定的全部特性的集合。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">软件具有所期望的各种属性组合的程度</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（3）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">用户主观得出的软件是否满足其综合期望的程度。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（4）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">决定所用软件在使用中将满足其综合期望程度的软件合成特性。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">软件质量是降低软件开发成本的基本保障。提高软件质量是软件企业竞争的需要，是软件企业生存的基础，也是其进入国际市场的基本条件。</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">软件质量保证（</span><span lang="EN-US">SQA)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">是软件工程学科的一部分，是一个复杂的系统，它根据一系列的标准，采用一定的方法，技术和工具，处理和调整软件产品各个特性之间的相互关系，以确保软件产达到其应该达到的质量水平。</span></font></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc104094472"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc104094472;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">质量保证的主要内容</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font face="Times New Roman">软件工程保证应用于整个软件过程的保护活动，包括：</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">质量管理方法</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">有效的软件工程技术（方法和工具）。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（3）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">应用于整个软件过程的形式化技术评论。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（4）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">多等级测试策略。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（5）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">软件文档以及对软件进行改变和维护的控制和约束。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（6）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">确保遵照软件开发标准的过程。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（7）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">测量和报告机制。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">质量保证包括管理的审核和报告功能。质量保证的目的是以有关产品的基本数据进行质量管理，从而保证产品质量不断地找着其质量目标迈进。质量保证活动提供大量有关质量的基本数据，不过，根据这些数据所指出的质量问题必须通过质量管理来解决。</span></font></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc104094473"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc104094473;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">质量保证体系</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><font face="Times New Roman">为了更好地协调好软件质与软件生产率、软件开发成本之间的关系，保证软件达到一定的质量水平，必须遵守一定的软件质量保证原则。软件质量保证原则：</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在开始制定项目计划时，充分考虑用户的要求，确定实用的质量特征</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">详细制定质量计划。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（3）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">对阶段性成果进行各种质量检查、校对等评审活动。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（4）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">不断地优化和完善质量计划。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（5）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">尽早发现并及时改正错误和缺陷。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（6）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">由独立的测试小组进行测试。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 39.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 永中宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（7）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在对开发过程进行质量评估似的基础上，检查质量测试的结果以发现与质量计划的偏差，确定适当的修改方案。</span></font></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 13pt 0cm;"><a name="_Toc104094474"></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc104094474;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">软件工程标准化</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 黑体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">随着软件工程学科的发展，人们对计算机软件的认识逐渐深入。软件工作的范围从只是使用程序设计语言编写程序，扩展到</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">整个软件生存期。诸如，软件概念的形成、需求分析、设计、实现、测</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">试、制造、安装和检验、运行和维护直到软件引退</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">为新的软件所代</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">替</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">。同时还有许多技术管理工作</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如过程管理、产品管理、资源管</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">理</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">以及确认与验证工作</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">如评审与审计、产品分析、测试等</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">常常是跨越软件生存期各个阶段的专门工作。所有这些方面都应逐步</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">建立起标准或规范来。</span></font></p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">另一方面，软件工程标准的类型也是多方面的。它可能包括过程标准</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">如方法、技术、度量等</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">、产品标准</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">如需求、设计、部件、</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">描述、计划、报告等</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">、专业标准</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">如职别、道德准则、认证、特许、课程等</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">以及记法标准</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">(</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">如术语、表示法、语言等</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 永中宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 永中宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">。</font></span> |
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公安备案号：42011102001150
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发表于 2006-4-2 08:40:12
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