[转帖]故障树与可靠性框图

翔羽

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: teal; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span><strong>故障树分析<font face="Times New Roman"> (FTA)</font>的历史<br/></strong></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">故障树分析</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> (FTA)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">是可靠性和安全分析的另外一种技术。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1962</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">年美国贝尔实验室为美国空军在民兵导弹发射控制系统而发展了该理论，以后被</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Boeing</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">公司引进并扩展。故障树分析是许多建立在运筹学和系统可靠性之中的符号</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">逻辑分析方法</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">的其中一种方法。其他方法包括可靠性框图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> ( RBDs)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span><strong>什么是故障树图</strong><font face="Times New Roman"><strong> (FTD)?<br/></strong></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">故障树图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> ( </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">或者负分析树</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">是一种逻辑因果关系图，它根据元部件状态</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">基本事件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">来显示系统的状态</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> (</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">顶事件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">。就像可靠性框图</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> (RBDs)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，故障树图也是一种图形化设计方法，并且作为可靠性框图的一种可替代的方法。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">一个故障树图是从上到下逐级建树并且根据事件而联系，它用图形化</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">模型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">路径的方法，使一个系统能导致一个可预知的，不可预知的故障事件（失效），路径的交叉处的事件和状态，用标准的逻辑符号（与，或等等）表示。在故障树图中最基础的构造单元为门和事件，这些事件与在可靠性框图中有相同的意义并且门是条件。</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">
                                </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span><strong>故障树和可靠性框图<font face="Times New Roman">
                                        </font></strong></span><span><br/><font face="Times New Roman">FTDs </font>和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">RBDs</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">最基本的区别在于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">RBD </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">工作在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">成功的空间</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">，从而系统看上去是成功的集合，然而，故障树图工作在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">故障空间</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">"</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">并且系统看起来是故障的集合。传统上，故障树已经习惯使用固定概率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">也就是，组成树的每一个事件都有一个发生的固定概率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">然而可靠性框图对于成功</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">可靠度公式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">来说可以包括以时间而变化的分布，并且其他特点。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p>&nbsp;</p></span>&nbsp; dM7nbaq6.doc (207 KB, 下载次数: 40)

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[转帖]故障树与可靠性框图

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