[转帖]计算机软件产品开发文件编制指南——中华人民共和国国家标准

翔羽

<p class="Web" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">引言</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></strong><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="Web" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><br/></span></strong><font face="宋体"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;">1 </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;">目的</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;"> </span></strong></font><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;"><br/></span></b><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">一项计算机软件的筹划、研制及实现，构成一个软件开发项目。一个软件开发项目的进行，一般需要</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">在人力和自动化资源等方面作重大的投资。为了保证项目开发的成功，最经济地花费这些投资，并且便</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">于运行和维护，在开发工作的每一阶段，都需要编制二定的文件。这些文件连同计算机程序及数据一起，</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">构成为计算机软件。文件是计算机软件中不可缺少的组成部分，它的作用是：</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a</font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">．作为开发人员在一定阶段内的工作成果和结束标志；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b</font></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">．向管理人员提供软件开发过程中的进展和情况，把软件开发过程中的一些</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">不可见的</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">”</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">事物转</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">换成</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">可见的</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">”</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">文字资料。以便管理人员在各个阶段检查开发计划的实施进展，使之能够判断原定目标是</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">否已达到，还将继续耗用资源的种类和数量；</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C</font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">．记录开发过程中的技术信息，便于协调以后的软件开发、使用和修改；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d</font></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">．提供对软件的有关运行、维护和培训的信息，便于管理人员、开发人员、操作人员和用户之间相</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">互了解彼此的工作；</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; e</font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">．向潜在用户报导软件的功能和性能，使他们能判定该软件能否服务于自己的需要。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">换言之，本指南认为：文件的编制必须适应计算机软件整个生存周期的需要。</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">计算机软件所包含的文件有两类：一类是开发过程中填写的各种图表，可称之为工作表格；另一类</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">则是应编制的技术资料或技术管理资料，可称之为文件。本指南规定软件文件的编制形式，并提供对这</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">些规定的解释。本指南的目的是使得所编制的软件文件确实能够起到软件文件应该发挥的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="Web" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/></span><font face="宋体"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;">2 </span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;">范围</span></strong></font><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;"><br/></span></b><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">本指南是一份指导性文件。本指甫建议，在一项计算机软件的开发过程中，一般地说，应该产生十四</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">种文件。这十四种文件是：</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">可行性研究报告；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">项目开发计划；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">软件需求说明书；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">数据要求说明书；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">概要设计说明书；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">详细设计说明书；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">数据库设计说明书；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">用户手册；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">操作手册；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">模块开发卷宗；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">测试计划；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">测试分析报告；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">开发进度月报；</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">项目开发总结报告。</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">本指南将给出开发过程中建议产生的这十四种文件的编制指导，同时，本指南也是这十四种文件的</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">编写质量的检验准则。但是，本指南并未涉及软件开发过程中如何填写工作表格的问题。</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">一般地说，一个软件总是一个计算机系统（包括硬件、固件和软件）的组成部分。鉴于计算机系统的</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">多样性，本指南一般不涉及整个系统开发中的文件编制问题，本指南仅仅是软件开发过程中的文件编制指南。</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="Web" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;">&nbsp;<strong>3 </strong></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;">文件的使用者</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;"><font face="宋体"> </font></span></strong><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt;"><br/></span></b><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">对于使用文件的人员而言，他们所关心的文件的种类，随他们所承担的工作而异。</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">管理人员：可行性研究报告，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">项目开发计划，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">模块开发卷宗，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">开发进度月报，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">项目开发总结报告；</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">开发人员：可行性研究报告，</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">项目开发计划，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">软件需求说明书，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">数据要求说明书，</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">概要设计说明书，</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">详细设计说明书，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">数据库设计说明书，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">测试计划，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">测试分析报告；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">维护人员：设计说明书，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">测试分析报告，</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">模块开发卷宗；</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体" size="3">用户：用户手册，</font></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;"><font face="宋体">操作手册。</font></span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br/><font size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span><font size="3"><font face="宋体"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial;">尽管本指南提出了在软件开发中文件编制的要求，但并不意味着这些文件都必须交给用户。一项软件的用户应该得到的文件的种类由供应者与用户之间签订的合同规定。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><p></p></span></font></font></p><p class="Web" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><p><font size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></span></b></p><p class="Web" style="MARGIN: auto 0cm auto 75.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -75.75pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 75.75pt;"><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">第一篇<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">文件的编制指导</span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></strong></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><p><br/><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">4 </font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">软件生存周期与各种文件的编制</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一项计算机软件，从出现一个构思之日起，经过这项软件开发成功投入使用，直到最后决定停止使</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">用，并被另一一项软件代替之时止，被认为是该软件的一个生存周期。一般地说这个软件生存周期可以分成以下六个阶段：可行性与计划研究阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">需求分析阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">设计阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">实现阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">测试阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">运行与维护阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在可行性研究与计划阶段内，要确定该软件的开发目标和总的要求，要进行可行性分析、投资一收益分析、制订开发计划，并完成应编制的文件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在需求分析阶段内，由系统分析人员对被设计的系统进行系统分析，确定对该软件的各项功能、性能需求和设计约束，确定对文件编制的要求，作为本阶段工作的结果，一般地说，软件需求说明书、数据要求说明书和初步的用户手册应该编写出来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在设计阶段内，系统设计人员和程序设计人员应该在反复理解软件需求的基础上，提出多个设计，分析每个设计能履行的功能并进行相互比较，最后确定一个设计，包括该软件的结构、模块的划分、功能的分配以及处理流程。在被设计系统比较复杂的情况下，设计阶段应分解成概要设计阶段和详细设计阶段两个步骤。在一般情况下，应完成的文件包括：概要设计说明书、详细设计说明书和测试计划初稿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在实现阶段内，要完成源程序的编码、编译（或汇编）和排错调试得到无语法错的程序清单，要开始编写模块开发卷宗，并且要完成用户手册、操作手册等面向用户的文件的编写工作，还要完成测试计划的编制。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在测试阶段，该程序将被全面地测试，已编制的文件将被检查审阅。一般要完成模块开发卷宗和测试分析报告，作为开发工作的结束，所生产的程序、文件以及开发工作本身将逐项被评价，最后写出项目开发总结报告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在整个开发过程中（即前五个阶段中），开发集体要按月编写开发进度月报。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在运行和维护阶段，软件将在运行使用中不断地被维护，根据新提出的需求进行必要而且可能的扩充和删改。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">对于一项软件而言，其生存周期各阶段与各种文件编写工作的关系可见表互，其中有些文件的编写工作可能要在若干个阶段中延续进行。</span></p></span><strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体, MS Song">4 </font></span></strong><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">软件生存周期与各种文件的编制</span></strong></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 22.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">一项计算机软件，从出现一个构思之日起，经过这项软件开发成功投入使用，直到最后决定停止使</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">用，并被另一一项软件代替之时止，被认为是该软件的一个生存周期。一般地说这个软件生存周期可以分成以下六个阶段：可行性与计划研究阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">需求分析阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">设计阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">实现阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">测试阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">运行与维护阶段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> <br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在可行性研究与计划阶段内，要确定该软件的开发目标和总的要求，要进行可行性分析、投资一收益分析、制订开发计划，并完成应编制的文件。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在需求分析阶段内，由系统分析人员对被设计的系统进行系统分析，确定对该软件的各项功能、性能需求和设计约束，确定对文件编制的要求，作为本阶段工作的结果，一般地说，软件需求说明书、数据要求说明书和初步的用户手册应该编写出来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在设计阶段内，系统设计人员和程序设计人员应该在反复理解软件需求的基础上，提出多个设计，分析每个设计能履行的功能并进行相互比较，最后确定一个设计，包括该软件的结构、模块的划分、功能的分配以及处理流程。在被设计系统比较复杂的情况下，设计阶段应分解成概要设计阶段和详细设计阶段两个步骤。在一般情况下，应完成的文件包括：概要设计说明书、详细设计说明书和测试计划初稿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在实现阶段内，要完成源程序的编码、编译（或汇编）和排错调试得到无语法错的程序清单，要开始编写模块开发卷宗，并且要完成用户手册、操作手册等面向用户的文件的编写工作，还要完成测试计划的编制。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在测试阶段，该程序将被全面地测试，已编制的文件将被检查审阅。一般要完成模块开发卷宗和测试分析报告，作为开发工作的结束，所生产的程序、文件以及开发工作本身将逐项被评价，最后写出项目开发总结报告。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在整个开发过程中（即前五个阶段中），开发集体要按月编写开发进度月报。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">在运行和维护阶段，软件将在运行使用中不断地被维护，根据新提出的需求进行必要而且可能的扩充和删改。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">对于一项软件而言，其生存周期各阶段与各种文件编写工作的关系可见表互，其中有些文件的编写工作可能要在若干个阶段中延续进行。</span><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">详细阅读请打开附件： </span> mH4gR4YR.doc (167.5 KB, 下载次数: 39)

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[转帖]计算机软件产品开发文件编制指南——中华人民共和国国家标准

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