一个是“ Lock, stock and barrel”, 另外一个是:“ Hook, line and sinker” 。
Lock, stock and barrel 和 Hook, line and sinker 都是全部的意思,可是用法却不同。
我们先来举一个 Lock, stock and barrel 的例子:
例句-2: “Mr. Rockefeller bought the whole oil company lock, stock and barrel.”
这句话的意思是:“洛克菲勒先生把整个石油公司买了下来”。换句话说,也就是他买了这个石油公司的大楼丶油井和其他属于这个公司的资产。
Hook, line and sinder 虽然也和 lock, stock and barrel 一样是全部的意思,可是它还带有受骗的意思。例如:
例句-3: “I warned Sally not to believe that man’s stories about how rich he was, but she swallowed them hook, line and sinker. After she married him, she found out he owed money to everbody in his office.”
他说:“我告诉沙利不要相信那个男人说的他多么有钱之类的话。可是沙利却一点都没有怀疑他。等到结婚才发现这个人几乎向每个同事都借了钱。”
刚才我们讲解了在学英语过程中经常会碰到的一些问题。有些习惯用语从字面上看不出它们的确切意思,例如: give me a hand 和 foot the bill 。另外还有些习惯用语在不同场合却表达不同的意思,如 blow out 。还有一些俗语,它们在字典上的解释是相同的,但是却有不同的用法,就像 lock, stock and barrel 和 hook, line and sinker 。
例句-1:“Honey, let me take you out to dinner. But you know I don’t feel like dressing up to go someplace fancy. How about just going down the street to the greasy spoon and getting hamburgers.”
例句-2 “Mike, you ought to try the potstickers at that little Chinese joint on New York Avenue. It looks like a greasy spoon but the potstickers are great and the price is cheap.”
“Pot”的意思是锅子,luck是运气。可是,我们现在讲的potluck是一个字。Potluck作为一个字,它指的是美国一种经常举行的聚会形式。也就是在某一个人,或几个人的提议下举行一个午餐会或晚餐会,但是参加聚会的每个人都要带一个菜或者带一种饭后甜食。主人除了为聚会提供场地外,也只要准备一个菜,或买一些饮料就行了。这就叫作:“Potluck lunch” or “potluck supper”
例句-3: “Say, Charley, if you don’t have plans for tonight, why don’t you come out to our house and take potluck with us. Helen won’t have time to cook anything speical, but she can put an extra plate on the table for you.”
今天我们要讲几个和耳朵,也就是ear有关的成语。中国人经常说那些不听劝告的人对别人的话总是“一个耳朵进一个耳朵出”,把它们当作“耳边风”,或者说“左耳朵进,右耳朵出”。美国人和中国人在这个说法上是完全一模一样。他们是这样说的: "It goes in one ear and out the other."
下面是一个父亲在说他的女儿:
例句-1:"I told Sally it was foolish to marry that man, but it went in one ear and out the other. Now she wishes she'd listened to me. He drinks and gambles and she wants to leave him."
例句-2:"How many times have I told you to get to work on time. But my words just go in one ear and out the other. So I don't have any choice but to fire you."
Play就是玩的意思。可是,play by ear的意思并不是“玩耳朵”。这个词汇的来源和音乐有关系。它原来指的是那些会弹钢琴或某种乐器,但是却不会看五线谱的人。每当他们要弹奏某个曲调时,他们只能凭着上一回听到的记忆来弹。可是play by ear现在已经成为日常用语了,意思是做一件事不是事先有计划的,而是走着瞧,临时决定。例如,你被请到某处去讲话,可是又没有时间准备。你就可以对听众说:
例句-3:"I haven't had a chance to prepare any notes so all I can do is start talking and play it by ear."
这话的意思是:“我今天没有什么准备,所以就只好讲到那儿就算那儿了。”
下面一个例子是一个人在和朋友约会:
例句-4:"I am not sure if my wife wants me to go shopping with her on Sunday. If she decides to go with her sister instead, then I can play tennis with you. Let's just play it by ear."
例句-2:"We had so much food left over from dinner at the China garden last night that we took enough home in doggy bags to feed the whole family tonight."
她说:“昨晚我们在汉宫吃饭剩下了好多菜。我们带回家的剩菜就足够我们全家今天晚上再吃一顿的。”
尽管美国人现在对身体里的胆固醇是否太高很敏感,但是他们到饭馆吃早饭时还是经常要点荷包蛋。可是,荷包蛋的做法各有不同。有的要蛋黄老一点,有的要嫩一点。有的只要煎一面,有的要两面都煎一煎。在英语里,这些都有不同的说法。要是你喜欢吃只煎一面的荷包蛋,那你就应该对服务员说:你要你的鸡蛋: Sunny side up.
Sunny side的意思是太阳的那一面,sunny side up也就是蛋黄向上的意思。要是放在整个句子里的话就是:
例句-3:"I would like to have my eggs sunny side up."
要是你愿意要荷包蛋两面都煎一下的,那你就说你要:Over easy.
也就是把鸡蛋反过来也煎一下的意思。比如说,有两个人在饭馆里吃早饭,各人要的荷包蛋不一样:
例句-4:M: "Miss, I'd like two fried eggs sunny side up and the sausage on the side."
F: "Not me. I don't like to see my eggs staring up at me with big yellow eyes. Miss, two fried eggs, over easy and not fried too hard."
英语里有好些习惯用语都和“水”,就是water这个字有关系。有的用:hot water;还有的用:cold water or deep water。在英语里用这些词汇组成的习惯用语就和水一样普遍。但是,它们都有一个共同的特点,那就是它们一般都含有贬意。今天我们要向大家介绍两个用water 这个字组成的习惯用语。第一个是: in hot water
n hot water的意思并不是“在热水中”,它的确切意思是指某人或某些人遇到非常麻烦的问题了。举个例子来说吧:
例句-1:"Joe is really in hot water now -- his girl friend just found out he's seeing another woman."
这句话的意思是:“乔伊现在可是难办了,因为他的女朋友最近发现他另外还有一个女朋友。”
我们再举一个例子:
例句-2:"That movie actor tried to cheat on his income tax, but he got caught and now he's in hot water with the government."
这是说:“那个电影演员想在缴纳所得税的时候弄虚作假,可是给税务局发现了。现在,他可麻烦了。”
今天要讲的另一个和water有关的习惯用语是: to throw cold water on something
To throw cold water on something和中文里说的“泼冷水”意思完全一样。下面的例子是一个人在说他办公室里发生的事:
例句-3:"Everybody else in the office thought my idea was great, but the boss threw cold water on it."
他说:“办公室里所有的人都认为我的主意很好,就是我们的老板给我泼冷水。”
我们再举一个例子。这是一个儿子在说他的爸爸:
例句-4:"I've been planning to go to medical school but my dad threw cold water on this idea the other day when he told me he wasn't sure he had the money to pay my tuition for so long."
他说:“我一直想上医学院。可是,那天我爸爸给我泼冷水,说他不一定有能力替我付那么多年的学费。”
今天我们讲了两个和water这个字有关的习惯用语。第一个是 in hot water;另一个是 to throw cold water on something。In hot water是指面临严重困难;to throw cold water on something意思就是泼冷水。
「美国习惯用语」第六讲
Words & Idioms Lesson 6
to hold water
water off a duck's back
it makes my mouth water
这一课里我们再要讲两个和水,也就是和 water 这个字有关的词汇。第一个是 to hold water。
To hold water 按字面解释当然可以说是“不让水漏出来”。但是,它的另外一个意思是指某一个人找的借口、提出的理由、或说的话是确实的,站得住脚的。美国人经常说:"That excuse simply doesn't hold water."意思是:那个借口根本站不住脚。我们来举个例子:
例句-1:"The accused man claimed that he'd been in another city the night of the murder. But his story didn't hold water after three differnet witnesses testified in court that they had seen him running from the scene of the crime."
今天我们讲了两个常用的词汇,一个是blow up,另一个是blow out。Blow up 和blow out各自都有好几个意思。刚学英语的人一开始也许会感到有点混乱。但是多接触,多使用后也就会逐渐熟悉起来的。
「美国习惯用语」第八讲
Words & Idioms Lesson 8
to be led by the nose
under your nose
今天我们要讲的习惯用语是和鼻子,也就是和nose这个字有关系的。鼻子是我们的嗅觉工具,也是我们的呼吸器官,是人体的一个重要组成部份。英语里有不少成语和俗语等习惯用语都和鼻子有联系的。比如to follow your nose是一直走的意思,或者是随着你闻到的味道去找什么东西,或什么地方。又比如to pay through the nose是指付出很高价钱。
在这次节目里,我们要介绍另外两个和鼻子有关的习惯用语。第一个是 to be led by the nose。To be led by the nose是一种很不愉快的经历。它的意思就是一个人全部在别人的控制之下,就像一头牲口被人用绳子牵着鼻子走一样。那末to be led by the nose在一般情况下的用法是怎么样的呢?下面这句话就是一个例子:
例句-1:"Ed's wife is a strong-minded woman and leads him around by the nose."
这句话的意思是:“埃德的太太是一个个性很强的人,埃德简直就是被她牵着鼻子走。”
下面我们再来举一个例子。这是一个爸爸在给他的儿子提供一些忠告:
例句-2:"Remember, Son, don`t let other people lead you around by the nose. You'll get along a lot better in life if you use your own judgment and do what you yourself think is the right thing."
下面我们要讲的一个词汇是 under your nose。举个例子来说吧:有一个人突然发现自己的眼镜找不着了,他到处找,楼上、楼下,找遍了家里每个角落还是找不到。最后,他的太太给他找到了。那眼镜就在他坐着看书的椅子旁边。他太太就会说:
例句-3:"See, they were right under you nose all the time."
她说:“瞧,你的眼镜一直在你的鼻子底下。”
Under your nose的意思也就是一样东西离你很近,但是,你就是没有看到。
我们再举个例子来说明under your nose的用法:
例句-4:"Did you read in the paper how bold that robber was at the art museum . he cut three paintings from their frameds and walked out with them right under the nose of the guards."
例句-3:"I have bad news: our sales were off 18 % for the last quarter. So I'm telling you guys -- you have to pull your socks up and get out and sell more stuff, or you'll be looking for new jobs this summer.”
例句-5:"Have you seen Jack's sister, who's visiting here from California? She'll knock your socks off: she's the most gorgeous-looking woman I've seen for a long time."
他说:“你见到了杰克那个从加州来的妹妹吗?我好久没有见到过这样漂亮的女孩了,她简直是美得惊人。”
今天我们讲了两个以“袜子”,也就是socks这个字为主要成份的习惯用语。一个是:to pull your socks up,意思是“振作起来”。另一个是:to knock your socks off,这是令人感到吃惊的意思。
「美国习惯用语」第十讲
Words & Idioms Lesson 10
poker face
close to your vest
玩扑克牌是美国人的一种传统性消遣。最普遍的一种扑克牌游戏就叫poker。中文里的「扑克牌」也许就是从poker这个游戏的名字得来的。玩poker这种游戏需要有技巧,还要碰运气,另外你还得有点冒险精神。由于poker在美国人当中十分流行,因此有许多牌桌上的说法也就逐渐地成了人们日常的用语了。今天我们要介绍两个和poker这个游戏有关的词汇。
第一个是 poker face。Poker face的意思就是脸上毫无表情,不露声色。这对于玩牌的人来说是很重要的,因为每个人都想猜测谁手里的牌好,谁手里的牌次。可是,要是你摆出一付poker face的话,谁也猜不出究竟你手里的牌怎么样。
我们来举一个例子,看看poker face在日常生活中的用法。例如,你的同事对你说:
例句-1:"I never know whether my boss likes my work or not -- he is a real poker face!"
他说:“我从来也不知道我的老板到底喜不喜欢我的工作。他脸上可真是一点表情都没有。”
还有的人去看牙大夫的时候心里非常紧张,可是脸上却装得若无其事。下面这个人说的也是同样的情况:
例句-2:"I tried to keep a poker face even though I was scared to death when I went back to my doctor to hear the results of my lab tests. But I admit I gave him the biggest smile of my life when he told me the tests were negative and there was nothing wrong with me.”
他说:“当我去医生那里去看试验结果的时候,我害怕得要死。可是我尽量装得若无其事。不过,当大夫告诉我化验结果是阴性、我没有问题的时候,我对他笑了,我大概一辈子也没有笑得那么高兴的。”
玩牌的时候脸上不露表情的人往往都很谨慎,把牌放在靠胸口的地方,免得给别人偷看。这在英文里就是 close to the vest。Close to the vest用在一般情况下就是指一个人非常小心不让别人知道他在干什么。
我们先来听听一位记者的讲话:
例句-3:"Two other governors have already announced that they will run for president in the next election but the governor of our state is still keeping his plans close to his vest -- nobody is sure what he will do."
这是说:“另外又有两位州长宣布他们决定参加下一届的总统竞选。可是我们的州长还是对他的计划保密,谁也不知道他究竟参不参加。”
下面一个例子是一个大公司的总裁在告诉一位同事一个机密的消息,但是要他不要说出去:
例句-4:"John, keep this close to your vest but I want to tell you our company is going to merge with a big New York Corporation -- they'll announce it sometime next week."
他说:“约翰,我要告诉你,我们的公司要和纽约的一家大公司合并了,他们下星期内就要宣布。不过你知道就行了,不要往外说。”
今天我们讲了两个和玩扑克牌有关的常用词汇。一个是 poker face,这是脸上没有表情,不露声色的意思。另一个是 close to your vest,这是指谨慎小心,保守秘密。